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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Color Vision01:24

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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
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Light Acquisition02:16

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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
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Lights-out Surgery for Strabismus Using a Heads-Up 3D Vision System.

Ichiro Hamasaki1, Kiyo Shibata, Takehiro Shimizu

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.hamasaki_16@okayama-u.ac.jp.

Acta Medica Okayama
|June 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces "lights-out" strabismus surgery using the NGENUITYⓇ system. This novel approach alleviates patient photophobia by eliminating the need for a microscope

Keywords:
3D vision systemhead-up surgeryhigh dynamic rangestrabismus surgeryvideo enhancement

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Photophobia is a common patient complaint during strabismus surgery due to microscope illumination.
  • The NGENUITYⓇ system offers high-dynamic-range imaging and a 4K display, enabling visualization in low light.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To devise and evaluate a novel 'lights-out' strabismus surgery technique.
  • To assess the feasibility and benefits of using the NGENUITYⓇ system without a microscope light source.

Main Methods:

  • Two strabismus surgery cases were performed between January and June 2018.
  • The NGENUITYⓇ system's high-dynamic-range function was utilized with maximum aperture and adjusted gain.
  • Surgery was conducted without the microscope's traditional light source.

Main Results:

  • Strabismus surgeries were successfully completed without complications despite the absence of a microscope light source.
  • Patients experienced significant alleviation of photophobia.

Conclusions:

  • Lights-out strabismus surgery using the NGENUITYⓇ system is a potentially useful and innovative technique.
  • This method effectively reduces patient photophobia, improving the surgical experience.