Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea
Published on: November 9, 2016
Endoscopic Botulinum Toxin Injection for Tacrolimus-Induced Achalasia in a Renal Transplant Recipient
Marilia Campos1, Robert Matlock1
1Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Abstract:
Post-transplantation achalasia secondary to immunosuppression is a rare complication. Here we present a man who developed dysphagia 4 days after his renal transplant and was found to have achalasia thought to be due to his tacrolimus. Switching from one calcineurin inhibitor to another was not possible in our patient due to the high risk of inducing rejection; thus he was successfully treated with the botulinum injection. To our knoledge, this is the first case of tacrolimus-induced achalasia ever reported in a renal transplant patient; it is also the first case in a transplant patient to be treated endoscopically with botulinum injection.
Related Concept Videos
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
Types of Toxins
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
Renal Corpuscle
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
Renal Clearance
Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma cleared of a specific substance, such as creatinine, per unit of time. To measure clearance, urine samples are collected over a 24-hour period during each bladder voiding, followed by a single blood sample at the...
Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods
Renal clearance is often associated with the renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which represents the rate at which plasma is filtered through the glomeruli in the kidney. When drug reabsorption is minimal and there is no active secretion, renal clearance is closely related to the...

