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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
278
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

825
Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
825
Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

1.3K
Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
1.3K
Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

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β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

970
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
970
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

790
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
790

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating HR-Dependent Cardiac Function in Mouse Models Through a Novel Atrial-Pacing Approach
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[Evidence-based drug therapy for heart failure-an update].

I E Emrich1, J Wintrich2, I Kindermann2

  • 1Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrbergerstraße 1, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland. insa.emrich@uks.eu.

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|June 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Chronic heart failure (CHF) impacts millions globally, with rising incidence due to aging populations and better heart attack survival. This review covers new clinical trial results and key comorbidities for managing CHF.

Keywords:
ComorbidityGuidelinesHealth care systemsHeart diseasesMortality

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Gene Transfer for Ischemic Heart Failure in a Preclinical Model
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chronic heart failure (CHF) affects millions worldwide, characterized by significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Increasingly aging populations and improved survival post-myocardial infarction contribute to a rising incidence of CHF.
  • Acute decompensated heart failure is a primary cause of hospitalization in Germany, imposing a substantial economic burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent clinical trial results in heart failure.
  • To highlight important comorbidities associated with chronic heart failure.
  • To emphasize the importance of guideline-directed therapy for improving patient prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical trial data and literature.
  • Analysis of epidemiological trends in heart failure.
  • Discussion of comorbidities relevant to heart failure management.

Main Results:

  • Novel therapeutic approaches are emerging from recent clinical trials.
  • Comorbidities significantly impact the management and outcomes of heart failure patients.
  • Guideline-directed therapy remains crucial for optimizing prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Ongoing research is yielding new treatment options for chronic heart failure.
  • Comprehensive management addressing comorbidities is essential for improving heart failure outcomes.
  • Adherence to guideline-directed therapy is paramount for patients with heart failure.