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Boron toxicity in higher plants: an update.

Marco Landi1, Theoni Margaritopoulou2, Ioannis E Papadakis3

  • 1Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.

Planta
|June 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Plants face narrow boron (B) concentration ranges for essentiality and toxicity. This review details plant responses to excess B, including uptake, physiological changes, and tolerance mechanisms for better agricultural management.

Keywords:
Boric acidBoron partitioningBoron toleranceBoron transporterBoron-polyol complexesOxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Boron (B) is a vital micronutrient with a narrow window between essentiality and toxicity.
  • Plants absorb B as boric acid, an uncharged molecule, making uptake less regulated.
  • Excess B is common in arid, semi-arid, and coastal agricultural soils due to environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding plant responses to boron toxicity.
  • To elucidate the morpho-anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and molecular adaptations of plants to excess B.
  • To identify mechanisms of plant tolerance to boron toxicity and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent findings regarding plant B toxicity.
  • Analysis of studies on B uptake, translocation, and partitioning within plants.
  • Examination of research on physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes induced by B excess, including oxidative stress and antioxidant responses.

Main Results:

  • Plants exhibit complex morpho-anatomical, physiological, and biochemical adjustments to cope with B excess.
  • Excess B significantly impacts plant photosynthesis and induces oxidative stress.
  • Plants possess various tolerance mechanisms, including altered B uptake and enhanced antioxidant defense systems.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding plant responses to B toxicity is crucial for agricultural productivity in affected regions.
  • Further research into B tolerance mechanisms can lead to developing strategies for managing B toxicity in crops.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge and highlights future research avenues for plant boron nutrition and toxicity.