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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Vanillin
Published on: July 23, 2016
Mixed precious-group metal-organic frameworks: a case study of the HKUST-1 analogue [RuxRh3-x(BTC)2]
Werner R Heinz1, Tim Kratky2, Markus Drees1
1Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany. roland.fischer@tum.de.
Abstract:
This work presents the first full series of mixed precious-group metal-organic frameworks (MPG-MOFs) using ruthenium and rhodium. The obtained crystalline, highly porous and thermally robust materials were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction, N2/CO2 sorption isotherms, thermogravimetry, spectroscopy methods (IR, Raman, UV/VIS-, NMR and XPS) and as well by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) with elemental mapping (HAADF-EDS). Additionally, the assignment of spectroscopic data is supported by computational (time dependent)-density functional theory methods. The materials turned out to consist of homogeneously dispersed Ru2 and Rh2 paddlewheel units being linked by benzenetricarboxylate (BTC) to yield a framework that is isoreticular to [Cu3(BTC)2] (HKUST-1, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology). However, acetate (OAc) is incorporated as an intrinsic component which compensates for missing BTC-linker defects and some Cl is coordinated to the Ru centre at an apical position. The exact empirical formula of the MPG-MOFs is derived as [RuxRh3-x(BTC)2-a(OAc)b(Cl)c].
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