Revisional Procedures for Recurrent Symptoms After Heller Myotomy and Per-Oral Endoscopic Myotomy

Achalasia and other esophageal motility disorders are incurable diseases for which palliation and symptom relief are the goals. One of the many ways these diseases are treated is with either a Heller myotomy or, now more commonly, per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). Unfortunately, symptoms persistence or recurrence is common. This review presents our current approach to these complex patients. Review of the literature pertaining to approaches to recurrent or persistent symptoms after myotomy for esophageal motility disorders and elucidation of our multidisciplinary approach to this patient group. There are a myriad of causes of recurrent or persistent symptoms. These include incomplete myotomy, periesophageal scarring, reflux-induced stricture, obstructing fundoplication, functional dysphagia, and end-stage achalasia. Therapeutic options include redo myotomy (either Heller or POEM), botulinum toxin injection, pneumatic, balloon or Savary dilation, adhesiolysis, and fundoplication reversal or esophagectomy. Choice of approach is best done through multidisciplinary consensus. A multidisciplinary approach to patients with persistent and recurrent symptoms after myotomy can best tailor the therapeutic approach based on symptom causation.