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Humanitarian aid and local power structures: lessons from Haiti's 'shadow disaster'.

Kaiting Jessica Hsu1, Mark Schuller2

  • 1Independent Researcher, Haiti.

Disasters
|June 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

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Disasters·2014
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Humanitarian aid in Haiti is deeply intertwined with politics. Post-earthquake aid concentrated in the capital, while Hurricane Matthew exposed rural neglect and the impact of non-governmental organizations.

Area of Science:

  • Disaster studies
  • Political science
  • Development studies

Background:

  • Haiti experienced a devastating 7.0 magnitude earthquake in 2010, followed by Hurricane Matthew in 2016.
  • Significant disparities in international funding pledges were observed between the two disasters.
  • The study highlights Haiti's history of postcolonial state neglect and the influence of non-governmental organizations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complex relationship between humanitarian aid, political dynamics, and centralization in Haiti.
  • To analyze the differing impacts and aid responses to the 2010 earthquake and Hurricane Matthew.
  • To examine the legacies of hyper-centralization and its effect on rural vulnerabilities.

Main Methods:

  • The study employs a comparative case study approach.
Keywords:
HaitiHurricane Matthewaiddecentralisationelectionshumanitarian aidhurricanesnon-governmental organisations (NGOs)politics

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  • Data was collected from four case studies across two Haitian departments.
  • Analysis focuses on aid distribution, political context, and disaster impact.

    • Main Results:

    • The 2010 earthquake response exemplified centralization, with substantial funding pledges.
    • Hurricane Matthew highlighted rural vulnerabilities and received significantly less aid.
    • The influx of non-governmental organizations in Port-au-Prince exacerbated existing inequalities.

    Conclusions:

    • Disaster assistance and political processes in Haiti are closely linked.
    • The effectiveness of aid is influenced by political stability and centralization.
    • Momentary decentralization of aid post-hurricane revealed both challenges and potential.