A method for long-term high resolution ²²²Radon measurements using a new hydrophobic capillary membrane system

Radon (R86222n) as a hydrological tracer offers a method for studying short to medium term groundwater - surface water interactions. These high frequency processes play an important role in wetland hydrology and biogeochemistry and may influence their contribution to the global carbon cycle. Therefore, there is a definite need for robust methods to measure high resolution ²²²Rn time series in-situ. In this study we adapted and improved a membrane system to measure ²²²Rn continuously with a primary focus on a rapid response time and low power consumption. The membrane system was constructed using a hydrophobic capillary membrane and laboratory experiments were conducted to quantify the systems' response time to predefined ²²²Rn pulses. It was then deployed in a stream draining a riparian wetland. The new membrane system could reduce the response time by ≈ 60 % in comparison to the established silicone membrane. We could identify the behaviour of the system in response to dynamically changing ²²²Rn activities and suggest a new method using simple linear regression to quantify the systems' response when the response time concept is inapplicable. Finally, we were able to measure high temporal resolution ²²²Rn activities reliably over an extended field deployment (68 d). We conclude that the improved system fills a gap ensuring high temporal resolution while maintaining extended maintenance intervals. This allows the user to study high frequency hydrological processes in remote areas. This new membrane system can be used to detect fast changes in ²²²Rn activities improving the comprehension of the underlying hydrological processes.