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Related Concept Videos

Arrhenius Plots02:34

Arrhenius Plots

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The Arrhenius equation relates the activation energy and the rate constant, k, for chemical reactions. In the Arrhenius equation, k = Ae−Ea/RT, R is the ideal gas constant, which has a value of 8.314 J/mol·K, T is the temperature on the kelvin scale, Ea is the activation energy in J/mole, e is the constant 2.7183, and A is a constant called the frequency factor, which is related to the frequency of collisions and the orientation of the reacting molecules.
The Arrhenius equation can be used...
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Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

48.9K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
48.9K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.1K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
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A Model for Non-Arrhenius Ionic Conductivity.

Masaru Aniya1, Masahiro Ikeda2

  • 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan. aniya@gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Non-Arrhenius ionic conductivity in solid electrolytes is explained by a new model. This Bond Strength-Coordination Number Fluctuation (BSCNF) model reveals binding energy fluctuations control conductivity, offering insights into material behavior.

Keywords:
BSCNF modelBond Strength–Coordination Number Fluctuation modelionic conductivityionic liquidsnon-Arrheniussize effectsolid electrolytes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Non-Arrhenius ionic conductivity is a phenomenon observed in many solid electrolytes.
  • This behavior limits ionic conductivity at elevated temperatures, posing a challenge for applications.
  • Understanding the fundamental mechanisms behind non-Arrhenius behavior is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the temperature dependence of ionic conductivity in solids and liquids.
  • To validate the newly developed Bond Strength-Coordination Number Fluctuation (BSCNF) model.
  • To investigate the factors controlling non-Arrhenius behavior and potential size effects.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of temperature-dependent ionic conductivity data.
  • Application of the Bond Strength-Coordination Number Fluctuation (BSCNF) model.
  • Comparison of non-Arrhenius behavior across different material systems.

Main Results:

  • The BSCNF model accurately describes ionic conductivity across both Arrhenius and non-Arrhenius regimes.
  • Binding energy fluctuation between mobile species and surroundings is identified as the key factor in non-Arrhenius behavior.
  • The size effect on non-Arrhenius mass transport differs between PVME/PS blends and other polymers.

Conclusions:

  • The BSCNF model provides a robust framework for understanding ionic conductivity in diverse materials.
  • Binding energy fluctuations are central to non-Arrhenius transport, offering a new perspective.
  • Material-specific size effects influence non-Arrhenius behavior, impacting electrolyte design.