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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

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The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Optimized Protocol for the Extraction of Proteins from the Human Mitral Valve
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Effect of an artificial ring on mitral valve function.

Jun Yokote1, Yoshimori Araki2, Shunei Saito3

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan.

Nagoya Journal of Medical Science
|June 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Annuloplasty rings, rigid or flexible, simplify mitral leaflet motion. Flexible rings preserve posterior annular movement, while both types reduce annular dimensions during diastole.

Keywords:
annuloplasty ringheart physiologyisolated heart modelmitral valve

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiac Mechanics

Background:

  • The precise effects of different annuloplasty ring types on mitral annulus and leaflet dynamics remain incompletely understood.
  • Variations in how rigid versus flexible annuloplasty rings influence cardiac mechanics require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of rigid and flexible annuloplasty rings on mitral annular motion and leaflet dynamics.
  • To elucidate differences in annular and leaflet behavior with and without annuloplasty rings in an isolated working heart model.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an isolated swine working heart model (n=10) with implanted rigid (n=5) or flexible (n=5) annuloplasty rings.
  • Employed sonomicrometry to measure mitral annular dimensions and a high-speed video camera for mitral valve leaflet motion analysis.
  • Performed analyses with and without the annuloplasty rings to establish baseline comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Both rigid and flexible annuloplasty rings significantly reduced the anteroposterior diameter during diastole compared to no ring.
  • Flexible rings induced greater shrinkage in the transverse diameter than rigid rings.
  • The duration of mitral leaflet opening to closing was significantly shorter with both ring types compared to the no-ring condition.
  • Flexible rings resulted in a smaller contraction range of the transverse diameter and a vertically elongated annular shape, preserving posterior annular movement.

Conclusions:

  • Annuloplasty rings, irrespective of rigidity, streamline mitral leaflet motion.
  • Flexible annuloplasty rings appear to preserve posterior annular movement, potentially offering distinct biomechanical advantages.