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The neurotoxicity induced by engineered nanomaterials.

Dan Ge1,2, Qiqi Du1,2, Bingqing Ran1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China.

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|June 27, 2019
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Summary

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) pose neurotoxicity risks by entering the central nervous system. Understanding ENM structure-activity relationships is crucial for developing safer nanomaterial applications.

Keywords:
DNA damagecell deathengineered nanomaterialsinflammationneurotoxicityoxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) offer unique properties but raise safety concerns due to increased human exposure.
  • ENMs can enter the body through various routes, including inhalation and skin contact.
  • Evidence suggests ENMs can breach the blood-brain barrier, potentially causing central nervous system damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on neurotoxicity induced by engineered nanomaterials.
  • To emphasize the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying ENM neurotoxicity.
  • To guide rational material design for safer ENM applications.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of in vivo and in vitro studies on ENM neurotoxicity.
  • Analysis of identified mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and cell death.
  • Evaluation of challenges in establishing structure-activity relationships for ENMs.

Main Results:

  • ENM exposure can lead to neurotoxic effects mediated by oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage.
  • Diverse physicochemical properties of ENMs complicate the assessment of their neurotoxic potential.
  • Current models highlight key molecular and cellular pathways involved in ENM neurotoxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Establishing structure-activity relationships is essential for mitigating ENM neurotoxicity.
  • Further research is needed to refine models and understand ENM interactions with the nervous system.
  • This review provides insights for designing safer ENMs for biomedical and engineering uses.