Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: diagnosis and clinical perspectives

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Immunology
• Allergy

Background:

• Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract.
• It is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the stomach and intestines.
• The exact molecular mechanisms are unknown, but hypersensitivity responses, allergies, asthma, and eczema are common comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review diagnostic tools for EGE.
• To summarize current and alternative therapeutic approaches for EGE management.

Main Methods:

• Review of diagnostic modalities including laboratory tests, radiological findings, endoscopy, and histology.
• Summary of treatment options: dietary, pharmacological (corticosteroids, mast-cell stabilizers, leukotriene antagonists, antihistamines, immunomodulators, biological agents).

Main Results:

• Diagnosis is confirmed by histological examination of gastric and duodenal specimens showing eosinophilic infiltration (>20 eosinophils per high-power field).
• Corticosteroids are the primary and highly effective treatment.
• Spontaneous remission occurs in 30%-40% of cases, but many require ongoing management due to variable disease course and potential recurrences.

Conclusions:

• EGE diagnosis requires a combination of clinical, laboratory, radiological, endoscopic, and histological findings.
• While corticosteroids are effective, a range of alternative therapies exist for EGE management.
• The variable nature of EGE necessitates individualized treatment plans.