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Levamisole: A High Performance Cutting Agent.

Nadia Solomon1, Jonathan Hayes2

  • 1St. George's University School of Medicine, Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Levamisole, an antihelminthic, is increasingly found as a cocaine adulterant. It potentiates cocaine

Keywords:
AdulterantCocaineCutting agentForensic pathologyLevamisoleVasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Levamisole, an imidazothiazole, is primarily used as an antihelminthic in veterinary medicine.
  • In recent years, levamisole has emerged as a common adulterant in illicit cocaine.
  • Its physical resemblance to cocaine facilitates its use as a cutting agent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and effects of levamisole as an adulterant in cocaine.
  • To understand the pharmacological mechanisms by which levamisole interacts with cocaine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on levamisole and its presence in illicit drug supplies.
  • Analysis of the metabolic fate of levamisole in vivo.
  • Pharmacological assessment of levamisole's interaction with cocaine's effects.

Main Results:

  • Levamisole is metabolized to aminorex, a psychostimulant with amphetamine-like properties.
  • Aminorex has a long half-life, suggesting prolonged effects.
  • Levamisole potentiates and extends the stimulant effects of cocaine.

Conclusions:

  • Levamisole adulteration of cocaine enhances and prolongs its psychoactive effects.
  • This adulteration increases risks and complicates the recognition of cocaine-related toxicity.
  • Emerging health complications directly linked to levamisole are becoming more recognized.