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Related Concept Videos

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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

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High-Altitude Illness Death Investigation.

Robert A Kurtzman1, James L Caruso2

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|June 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High altitude illness (HAI), including AMS, HACE, and HAPE, affects travelers due to hypobaric hypoxia. Prompt recognition is crucial, as HACE and HAPE are rare but fatal emergencies, while most high-altitude deaths have other causes.

Keywords:
Acute mountain illnessDeath investigationForensic pathologyHigh altitude cerebral edemaHigh altitude illnessHigh altitude pulmonary edema

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Altitude Medicine
  • Forensic Pathology

Background:

  • High altitude illness (HAI) encompasses acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE).
  • These conditions arise from hypobaric hypoxia in individuals visiting high-altitude regions.
  • While mild HAI is treatable, HACE and HAPE are uncommon but life-threatening medical emergencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To inform medical examiners and coroners about recognizing and diagnosing high altitude illness.
  • To differentiate HAI from other causes of death in high-altitude environments.
  • To provide guidance on evaluating deaths associated with high-altitude activities, both domestically and internationally.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the clinical presentation, physiology, and pathology of HAI (AMS, HACE, HAPE).
  • Discussion of differential diagnoses for fatalities in high-altitude settings.
  • Emphasis on the diagnostic challenges, particularly distinguishing HAI from other causes of death.

Main Results:

  • Most high-altitude fatalities are not directly caused by HAI.
  • Symptoms of HACE and HAPE can overlap with other conditions, complicating postmortem diagnosis.
  • Fatalities due to HAPE and HACE are typically diagnoses of exclusion.

Conclusions:

  • Medical examiners in high-altitude regions need expertise in HAI risk factors, physiology, pathology, and classification.
  • Accurate recognition of HAI as a cause of death is essential for coroners.
  • Understanding HAI is critical for evaluating deaths during overseas high-altitude trekking and mountaineering.