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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Robotic-Guided Stereoelectroencephalography for Invasive Epilepsy Monitoring

Robotic-Guided Stereoelectroencephalography for Invasive Epilepsy Monitoring

Published on: June 13, 2025

Autoimmune Epilepsy.

Khalil S Husari¹, Divyanshu Dubey²

¹Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental Neurotherapeutics

|June 27, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune epilepsy, often presenting as refractory seizures and cognitive decline, is increasingly recognized. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing these immune-mediated neurological disorders.

Keywords:

Autoimmune limbic encephalitis Diagnosis Epilepsy Immunotherapy

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Published on: December 18, 2016

Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Epileptology

Background:

Autoimmune epilepsy diagnosis has advanced with neural autoantibody discoveries.
A significant portion of epilepsy cases with unknown causes are autoimmune.
Patients often exhibit refractory seizures, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in autoimmune epilepsy.
To provide diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for suspected autoimmune epilepsy.

Main Methods:

Identification of clinical syndromes and autoantibodies.
Utilizing predictive models like APE2 and RITE2 scores for case selection.
Review of current literature on autoimmune epilepsy.

Main Results:

Neural autoantibodies such as LGI1, NMDA-R, and GAD65 IgG are key indicators.
Predictive models aid in identifying patients needing further autoimmune evaluation.
Substantial progress has been made in understanding immune-mediated epilepsy.

Conclusions:

Autoimmune epilepsy is a significant cause of neurological dysfunction.
Accurate diagnosis relies on clinical presentation and autoantibody testing.
Diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are essential for effective management.