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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing
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Warming nerves for excitability testing.

Maria O Kovalchuk1, Hessel Franssen1, Féline E V Scheijmans1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Muscle & Nerve
|June 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Warming the median nerve with a water bath is the quickest method for standard temperature excitability testing. Other methods like infrared lamps or water blankets are only moderately slower.

Keywords:
excitabilityinfrared lamptemperaturewarmingwater bathwater blanket

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Accurate median nerve excitability testing requires consistent temperature.
  • Standardized warming protocols are essential for reliable electrophysiological measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the optimal method for warming the median nerve to a standard temperature before excitability testing.
  • To compare the efficiency of different warming techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Five healthy subjects participated in the study.
  • Forearm and hand warming to 37°C was achieved using infrared lamp, water blanket, or water bath for 1 hour.
  • Excitability indices were recorded every 10 minutes, and time to reach 95% of asymptotic values was calculated.

Main Results:

  • Distal motor latency, refractory period, and superexcitability exhibited exponential changes over time.
  • Water bath warming was the fastest method, reaching the target temperature in 24 minutes.
  • Infrared lamp (34 minutes) and water blanket (35 minutes) warming methods were moderately slower.

Conclusions:

  • Water bath immersion is the most efficient method for warming the median nerve for excitability testing.
  • Future research should clearly define and report the specific warming method and duration used in electrophysiological studies.