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Parietal lobe variation in cercopithecid endocasts.

Ana Sofia Pereira-Pedro1, Amélie Beaudet2,3, Emiliano Bruner1

  • 1Programa de Paleobiología, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain.

American Journal of Primatology
|June 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Paleoneurology reveals parietal lobe variation in Old World monkeys. Larger parietal lobes in colobines and baboons evolved independently, suggesting diverse adaptive pressures on brain evolution.

Keywords:
Old World monkeysgeometric morphometricsparietal cortexsulcal patternssurface-based analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoneurology
  • Primate Evolution
  • Comparative Anatomy

Background:

  • The posterior parietal cortex is vital for visuospatial integration and eye-hand coordination in primates.
  • Paleoneurology analyzes endocasts (braincase molds) to study brain evolution and map cortical regions.
  • Old World monkeys (Cercopithecidae) offer insights into evolutionary adaptations due to diverse ecologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify parietal lobe variation within the cercopithecid family.
  • To investigate evolutionary patterns of parietal lobe morphology in relation to ecological diversity.
  • To explore potential functional or developmental implications of observed parietal lobe differences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized geometric morphometric analyses (landmark-based and landmark-free) on 30 cercopithecid endocasts.
  • Assessed parietal lobe proportions using anatomical landmarks.
  • Analyzed parietal lobe surface morphology via deformation-based methods.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation in parietal lobe proportions was observed across cercopithecid species.
  • Colobines, Theropithecus, and Papio exhibit relatively larger parietal lobes and smaller occipital lobes compared to other cercopithecins.
  • Parietal lobe surface morphology differs: anteroposteriorly longer and flatter in colobines, shorter and bulging in baboons.

Conclusions:

  • Parietal lobe enlargement in colobines and baboons likely represents independent evolutionary events.
  • These size differences may not necessarily correlate with similar functional roles or developmental pathways.
  • Parietal lobe morphology provides a valuable window into primate evolutionary history and adaptation.