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Related Concept Videos

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base02:28

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base

33.8K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
33.8K
Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

35.3K
A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
35.3K
Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base01:23

Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base

10.2K
During the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, pH calculations are primarily based on the concentration of residual hydronium or hydroxide ions. Initially, a strong acid like hydrochloric acid fully dissociates, creating hydronium and chloride ions, resulting in a low pH. The addition of a strong base like sodium hydroxide alters the concentration of hydronium ions by neutralizing them. As more base is added, the pH gradually increases. At the equivalence point, all hydronium ions...
10.2K
Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

43.6K
Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...
43.6K
Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base03:55

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

49.1K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
49.1K
Dry Friction01:30

Dry Friction

939
Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
939

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Synthesis of Strong Adhesive Hydrogel, Gelatin O-Nitrosobenzaldehyde
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Synthesis of Strong Adhesive Hydrogel, Gelatin O-Nitrosobenzaldehyde

Published on: November 11, 2022

3.0K

Strong Wet and Dry Adhesion by Cupped Microstructures.

Yue Wang1, Victor Kang2, Eduard Arzt1,3

  • 1INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2 , Saarbrücken 66123 , Germany.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel cupped microstructures (CM) for strong adhesion in air and underwater. These bio-inspired adhesives outperform standard mushroom-shaped microstructures (MSMs) in wet conditions, offering a significant advance in reversible adhesion technologies.

Keywords:
cupped microstructurespolyurethaneself-sealingtwo-photon lithographywet adhesion

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Biomimetic Replication of Root Surface Microstructure using Alteration of Soft Lithography
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Biomimetic Replication of Root Surface Microstructure using Alteration of Soft Lithography
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomimetics
  • Adhesion Science

Background:

  • Bio-inspired microfibrillar adhesives offer versatile surface attachment.
  • Fibrillar adhesives are less effective underwater due to weakened capillary and van der Waals forces.
  • Existing underwater adhesion strategies often require additional surface treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel microstructure design for strong, controllable adhesion in both air and underwater environments.
  • To investigate the adhesive performance of cupped microstructures (CM) compared to standard mushroom-shaped microstructures (MSMs).
  • To evaluate the self-sealing properties of the novel cupped microstructures.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of polyurethane cupped microstructures (CM) with varying cup angles (15°, 30°, 45°) and a fixed diameter (100 μm).
  • Comparison of adhesive performance of CM and MSMs in dry and wet conditions.
  • Measurement of adhesion strength (force per real contact area) under different environmental conditions.

Main Results:

  • Cupped microstructures (CM) demonstrated strong adhesion in air, comparable to flat MSMs (up to 1.3 MPa).
  • Underwater, 15° CM achieved significantly higher adhesion (∼1 MPa) than MSMs (∼0.05 MPa), a 20-fold increase.
  • CM exhibited self-sealing properties, enhancing adhesion with increased pulling force.

Conclusions:

  • The novel cupped microstructure design provides robust and controllable adhesion in both air and underwater conditions.
  • CM offer a significant improvement over traditional MSMs, particularly in wet environments, without requiring surface treatments.
  • The self-sealing capability of CM presents a promising avenue for advanced reversible adhesion technologies.