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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
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Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
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Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
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The Notched Stick, an ancient vibrot example.

Marica Broseghini1, Clara Ceccolini1, Claudio Della Volpe1

  • 1Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering (DICAM), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.

Plos One
|June 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Notched Stick toy converts mechanical vibrations into rotational motion. This "vibrot" toy works best when the propeller

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Toy Physics

Background:

  • The Notched Stick is a simple toy demonstrating vibration-to-rotation conversion.
  • It functions as a
  • vibrot
  • device, converting mechanical vibrations into rotational motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the working principles of the Notched Stick toy.
  • Analyze factors affecting vibration-to-rotation conversion efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of the Notched Stick under various conditions.
  • Numerical analysis to understand device mechanics.

Main Results:

  • Conversion efficiency is minimal with tight, symmetrical propeller-nail coupling.
  • Rotation occurs when the propeller's center of mass is off-axis.
  • Resonance phenomena (parametric and ordinary) drive rotation.

Conclusions:

  • Propeller-nail asymmetry is key for effective vibration-to-rotation conversion.
  • Parametric resonance can induce rotation even with negligible propeller weight.
  • Elliptical nail motion is not essential for propeller rotation.