MiRNAs Are Involved in Tall Cell Morphology in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Five percent of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) show an adverse clinical outcome (ACO). The tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas (TCV) is a good predictor of an ACO, however, the identification of tall-cells is subjective. Micro RNAs are short non-coding ribonucleic acids (miRNA). Their expression in PTC could be a powerful, more objective predictor of prognosis.

Forty-four PTC underwent miRNA profiling, twenty-four of them were TCV. The miRNA dataset was validated by analysis of expression of known target proteins (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)) in 125 patients including 48 TCV and 57 with an ACO.

One hundred and forty-nine miRNAs were significantly associated with an ACO, seventy-one of them with TC-morphology. Twenty-two miRNAs were identified as targets for VEGF and thirty-two as targets for PTEN. In univariate and multivariable analysis, reduced expression of PTEN and an increased expression of VEGF were associated with shorter relapse free survival. A classifier, including TC-morphology, pT-stage, VEGF, and PTEN, predicted relapse with an 80% accuracy.

Some miRNAs predict outcome in PTC and are involved in TC-morphology in PTC. These miRNAs may serve as more objective indicators of an ACO than tall cell morphology. PTEN and VEGF protein expression are prognostically relevant and are at least partially regulated by miRNAs.