Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Integrating Augmented Reality Tools in Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Prognostication and Diagnosis
Published on: February 6, 2020
Early Diagnosis of Lymphedema after Breast Cancer Treatment: Bio-Impedance Spectroscopy
Ayfer Kamalı Polat1, Ufuk Karabacak1, Vahit Mutlu1
1Department of Genaral Surgery, Ondokuz Mayıs University School of Medicine Samsun, Turkey.
Objective:
Breast cancer-related lymphedema is an important health problem. The aim of this study is to ensure early diagnosis of patients at risk of developing lymphedema and revealing the predisposing factors.
Materials And Methods:
Measurements in the pre-operative period and in postoperative months 3, 6, 9 and 12 and years 2 and 3 were performed prospectively with bio-impedance spectroscopy for patients treated for breast cancer between November, 2013 and November, 2016. Demographic and clinical-pathological data of the patients were investigated to assess the factors that affect the development of lymphedema.
Results:
245 measurements were obtained from the 67 patients who participated in the study. 18 (26.8%) patients were diagnosed with lymphedema and 16 (89%) of these patients were clinically diagnosed with stage 0 and 2 (1%) patients with stage 1 lymphedema. The median age was 50.7 (32-77) years. Performing axillary dissection and positivity in more than 3 nodes were found to be statistically significant with a percentage of 63.3% (n=15) and 64.7% (n=11) p=0.049 and p<0.001, respectively.
Conclusion:
Periodic measurements with bio impedance spectroscopy can be an effective method to diagnose early stage lymphedema after breast cancer, and enable selecting the group of patients who would benefit from early treatment.
Related Concept Videos
Treatment Resistant Cancers
Impedance Combination
Impedances and Admittance
Impedance is a measure of resistance to sinusoidal current flow in an AC circuit. Unlike their behavior in DC circuits, where inductors appear as short circuits and capacitors as open circuits, the behavior of these components in AC...
Nursing Diagnosis
The nursing diagnosis focuses on evidence-based...
Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line
Using Kirchhoff's laws, an integro-differential equation for the network is derived. This equation accounts for unbalanced phase currents, which may induce return currents through neutral wires and the earth, seeking the least impedance path. Earth return conductors can replace the...
Bus Impedance Matrix
In the first circuit, all machine voltage sources are short-circuited, leaving only the prefault voltage source at the fault location. The positive-sequence bus impedance matrix can be determined by solving the nodal equations,...

