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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
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Calicivirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases: Evolution, Structure, Protein Dynamics, and Function.

Elena Smertina1,2, Nadya Urakova3, Tanja Strive1,4

  • 1Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT, Australia.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|June 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Caliciviridae RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) exhibit unique traits, including high-temperature RNA copying and membrane rearrangement. Research on these viral enzymes is crucial for understanding replication despite challenges in cell culture models.

Keywords:
CaliciviridaeLagovirusRHDVRNA virusRdRpmotifpolymerasereplication

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Caliciviridae are RNA viruses infecting vertebrates, with genera including Norovirus and Lagovirus.
  • RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is key to viral genome replication and evolution.
  • Studying calicivirus RdRp is difficult due to challenges in cell culture propagation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural dynamics, biochemical properties, kinetics, and interaction partners of calicivirus RdRps.
  • To discuss potential conserved structural elements across calicivirus RdRps.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on recombinant calicivirus RdRp proteins.
  • Analysis of structural and biochemical data from studies on RHDV and related lagoviruses.

Main Results:

  • Calicivirus RdRps display unusual characteristics, such as exposing hydrophobic motifs and rearranging Golgi membranes.
  • These RdRps can replicate RNA at exceptionally high temperatures.
  • Unexpected properties have been revealed through recombinant protein studies.

Conclusions:

  • Calicivirus RdRps possess unique biochemical and structural features.
  • Further investigation may reveal conserved structural elements among all calicivirus RdRps.
  • Understanding these RdRps is vital for advancing knowledge of viral replication mechanisms.