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Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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DNA Base Pairing02:27

DNA Base Pairing

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Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Acid–Base Equilibria: Activity-Based Definition of pH01:10

Acid–Base Equilibria: Activity-Based Definition of pH

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For an ideal solution, the pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. For a non-ideal solution, an accurate measurement of the pH must consider the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity rather than concentration. In such a solution, the pH can be more accurately defined as the negative logarithm of a product of the hydrogen ion concentration and its activity coefficient.
In solutions of very low ionic strength—for example, pure water—the...
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
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Supramolecular nanotheranostics based on pillarenes.

Nan Song1, Xin-Yue Lou1, Lianjun Ma2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.

Theranostics
|June 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Pillarene-based supramolecular nanotheranostics offer advanced drug delivery and therapeutic solutions. This review highlights their potential in cancer therapy, virus inhibition, and diagnostics, advancing nanomedicine.

Keywords:
Drug deliveryhybrid materialsmacrocyclic arenesnanotheranosticssupramolecular chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Nanomaterials science
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Supramolecular nanotheranostics leverage non-covalent interactions for reversible and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems.
  • Pillarenes, a novel class of macrocycles, offer unique host-guest properties, rigid structures, and facile substitution for advanced nanomedicine.
  • These properties make pillarene-based systems promising for developing integrated nanomedicines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements in pillarene-based supramolecular nanotheranostics.
  • To explore applications in biological mimicking, virus inhibition, cancer therapy, and diagnosis.
  • To discuss future perspectives for pillarene-based nanotheranostics in pharmaceuticals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pillarene-based hybrid supramolecular nanotheranostics (e.g., with mesoporous silica, MOFs, metal nanoparticles).
  • Review of pillarene-based organic supramolecular therapeutic systems (e.g., amphiphilic systems, artificial channels, prodrugs).
  • Analysis of host-guest complexation strategies in pillarene assemblies.

Main Results:

  • Pillarene-based hybrid systems demonstrate potential through integration with inorganic nanomaterials.
  • Pillarene-based organic systems show promise in drug delivery and therapeutic applications via host-guest interactions.
  • Pillarene supramolecular nanotheranostics exhibit versatility in biological mimicking, anti-viral, anti-cancer, and diagnostic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Pillarene-based supramolecular nanotheranostics represent a significant advancement in nanomedicine.
  • Their unique properties facilitate the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic platforms.
  • Further research in this area holds great promise for the future of pharmaceuticals and therapeutics.