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Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
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Glycolysis is divided into two phases based on whether energy is utilized or released. While the first phase consumes ATP, the second phase produces energy in the form of ATP and NADH. The energy is released over a sequence of reactions that turns G3P into pyruvate. The energy-releasing phase—steps 6-10 of glycolysis—occurs twice, once for each of the two 3-carbon sugars produced during steps 1-5 of the first phase.
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Synthesis of Graphene-Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites for Potential Use in Bone Tissue Engineering
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Nanoparticle-based bioactive agent release systems for bone and cartilage tissue engineering.

Nelson Monteiro1,2, Albino Martins1,2, Rui L Reis1,2

  • 13B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra S. Cláudio do Barco, 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.

Regenerative Therapy
|June 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing advanced scaffolds with nanoparticles offers a promising solution for controlled release of growth factors in tissue engineering. This approach enhances localized delivery for improved tissue regeneration and reduced side effects.

Keywords:
Bioactive agentsDelivery systemsMesenchymal stem cellsNanoparticlesScaffolds

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Controlled local delivery of bioactive agents, especially growth factors (GFs), remains a challenge in tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine.
  • The spatiotemporal release kinetics of GFs are critical for successful tissue regeneration outcomes.
  • Current therapies often lack the precision needed for optimal therapeutic effects at the injury site.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the integration of nanoparticles (NPs) with scaffolds for enhanced bioactive agent delivery.
  • To explore the development of multi-functional release systems for tissue regeneration applications.
  • To emphasize the application of NP-scaffold composites in connective tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the combination of nanoparticles and scaffolds.
  • Analysis of NP properties for protecting bioactive agents and controlling release profiles.
  • Evaluation of scaffold-based delivery systems for localized pharmacological effects.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles can protect bioactive agents, modulate release, minimize side effects, and target cells effectively.
  • Scaffolds loaded with NPs enable site-specific delivery, promoting cell proliferation and differentiation.
  • Combined NP-scaffold systems show potential for inducing neo-tissue formation.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating NPs with scaffolds represents a significant advancement in designing effective drug delivery systems for TE.
  • These composite systems offer a strategy for localized, sustained release of bioactive agents, crucial for connective tissue regeneration.
  • Further development of multi-functional NP-scaffold systems holds promise for improved regenerative medicine therapies.