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Evaluation of Maculopathy in Patients Using Hydroxychloroquine
Adem Uğurlu1, Maisa Aslanova2, Zafer Cebeci2
1Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Erzincan, Turkey
Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology
|June 28, 2019
Summary
Hydroxychloroquine use duration and cumulative dose correlate with ocular effects, particularly fundus autofluorescence (FAF) alterations. FAF is recommended for monitoring hydroxychloroquine maculopathy.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Rheumatology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used for connective tissue diseases.
- Long-term HCQ use can lead to hydroxychloroquine maculopathy.
- Early detection of ocular toxicity is crucial for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess ocular effects in patients using hydroxychloroquine.
- To determine the relationship between HCQ use duration, cumulative dose, and ocular findings.
- To evaluate the utility of various ophthalmic tests in detecting HCQ maculopathy.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective evaluation of 150 patients (300 eyes) with connective tissue diseases on continuous HCQ for ≥2 years.
- Ophthalmic examinations included visual acuity, microperimetry (MP), fundus photography, OCT, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF).
- Tests were performed at 6-month intervals over the follow-up period.
Main Results:
- Mean HCQ use was 10.5 years with a mean cumulative dose of 754.7g.
- Microperimetry (MP) values showed a significant relationship with HCQ use duration and cumulative dose.
- Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) alterations were significantly associated with HCQ duration and cumulative dose.
Conclusions:
- FAF alterations are linked to HCQ exposure duration and total dose.
- Objective tests like FAF are valuable for monitoring and early detection of HCQ maculopathy.
- Regular ophthalmic surveillance is essential for patients on long-term hydroxychloroquine therapy.
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