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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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Valence Bond Theory02:45

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Valence Bond Theory02:42

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Bond Energies and Bond Lengths02:49

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Stable molecules exist because covalent bonds hold the atoms together. The strength of a covalent bond is measured by the energy required to break it, that is, the energy necessary to separate the bonded atoms. Separating any pair of bonded atoms requires energy — the stronger a bond, the greater the energy required to break it.
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Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
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σ-Silane Platinum(II) Complexes as Intermediates in C-Si Bond-Coupling Processes.

Pablo Ríos1, Hugo Fouilloux1, Josefina Díez2

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química, Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINCA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Platinum complexes react with primary silanes to form platinum(II) silyl complexes via C-Si and Pt-Si bond formation. This reaction mechanism involves intermediate silyl complexes and hydride derivatives, detailed by NMR and computational studies.

Keywords:
Si ligandscarbene ligandsdensity functional calculationsplatinumsilanes

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Silicon Chemistry

Background:

  • Platinum complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are versatile catalysts.
  • Reactions with silanes are crucial for forming new carbon-silicon and platinum-silicon bonds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reaction mechanism between cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes and primary silanes.
  • To elucidate the formation of platinum(II) silyl complexes and the role of intermediate species.

Main Methods:

  • Low-temperature Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study reaction intermediates.
  • Computational modeling to analyze the reaction pathway and transition states.
  • Synthesis of cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes and their reaction with primary silanes.

Main Results:

  • Identified stable silyl complexes and agostic SiH platinum hydride intermediates.
  • Observed a trans-to-cis isomerization of the NHC ligand during the reaction.
  • Computational studies revealed stereochemical control favoring C-Si bond formation over C-H bond formation.

Conclusions:

  • The reaction proceeds through distinct intermediate stages involving Si-H bond activation and isomerization.
  • Stereochemistry plays a critical role in dictating product formation, differing from reactions with tertiary silanes.
  • This study provides detailed mechanistic insights into platinum-catalyzed silylation reactions.