Multi-Element Topochemical-Molten Salt Synthesis of One-Dimensional Piezoelectric Perovskite

One-dimensional perovskites are an interesting material for energy and optoelectronic applications. However, exploring the full wealth of architectures these materials could allow, through multi-element doping of A-sites and B-sites, is still a challenge. Here, we report a high-yield synthetic strategy for 1D perovskites via a two-step method based on a multi-element topochemical-molten salt method. Typically, a high yield of 1D multicomponent perovskite niobates (Li_0.06Na_0.47K_0.47)(Nb_0.94Sb_0.06)O₃ (LNKNS2) is rapidly achieved from as-synthesized 1D K₂(Nb_0.94Sb_0.06)₈O₂₁ with multi-element B-sites. In this process, 1D K₂(Nb_0.94Sb_0.06)₈O₂₁ has been first achieved, and the proportion of the ions in A-sites is affected by the radius and molar ratio of ions. The z axis direction of K₂(Nb_0.94Sb_0.06)₈O₂₁ rod is transformed into the x axis direction of LNKNS2 rod. Furthermore, the output voltage of the 1D niobates-based flexible piezoelectric device (FPD) was nearly 600% compared with that of the isotropic niobates-based FPD. This work also allows convenient fabrication of other 1D multicomponent perovskites.