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Relating Stomatal Conductance to Leaf Functional Traits
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Particulate matter mitigation via plants: Understanding complex relationships with leaf traits.

Zhongyu Chiam1, Xiao Ping Song2, Hao Ran Lai3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117542, Singapore.

The Science of the Total Environment
|June 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Tropical plants with hairy leaves and low specific leaf area (SLA) are effective at capturing airborne particulate matter (PM). This research identifies key plant traits for improving urban air quality through greening strategies.

Keywords:
Boundary layerGravitational sedimentationPhytoremediationSoutheast AsiaSurface deposition velocityWind tunnel

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Botany
  • Urban Ecology

Background:

  • Airborne particulate matter (PM) presents significant global health risks, particularly in urban environments.
  • Urban greening is a promising strategy for mitigating PM, but research often lacks tropical species diversity.
  • Existing studies are limited to temperate climates, neglecting the vast species pool in tropical regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the relationship between specific plant functional traits and particulate matter deposition velocity in tropical species.
  • To identify key leaf traits that enhance the removal of PM10 and PM2.5 from the air.
  • To provide generalizable findings for optimizing urban greening strategies in tropical cities.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed three functional traits: leaf hairiness, average leaf area (ALA), and specific leaf area (SLA) across 20 tropical species.
  • Conducted wind-tunnel experiments to measure surface deposition velocity of PM10 and PM2.5 on leaves.
  • Investigated the influence of leaf surface characteristics, including upper- and lower-surface hairiness, on PM deposition.

Main Results:

  • Higher upper-surface leaf hairiness significantly increased deposition velocity for both PM10 and PM2.5.
  • A low specific leaf area (SLA) was a consistent predictor of enhanced PM deposition.
  • Leaf hairs act as physical barriers, and low SLA (associated with smaller, thicker leaves) aids in PM capture and retention.

Conclusions:

  • Leaf hairiness and low SLA are crucial plant traits for effective particulate matter removal in tropical urban environments.
  • These findings offer a scientific basis for selecting plant species in urban greening projects aimed at improving air quality.
  • Further research should explore gaseous pollutant removal and plant-scale effects for comprehensive air quality management.