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Direct Approach toward Label-Free DNA Detection by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Discrimination of a

Yang Li1, Tianyang Gao1, Guantong Xu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P.R. China.

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This study introduces a novel surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method for label-free DNA detection. The approach quantifies DNA bases and detects mutations, offering potential for sensitive clinical diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) shows promise for label-free DNA detection.
  • Current SERS methods face limitations in analyzing intrinsic structural information of unmodified DNA due to chain length constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a universal SERS-based approach for quantifying adenine (A) and guanine (G) in short single-stranded DNA (ssDNA).
  • To demonstrate SERS capability in probing DNA hybridization and detecting single-base mutations in longer double-stranded DNA (dsDNA).

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel SERS approach utilizing dichloromethane as an interfacial agent.
  • Analysis of single-stranded DNA (12-28 bases) for A/G quantification.
  • Detection of DNA hybridization via SERS bands indicative of hydrogen bonds in hairpin structures.
  • Discrimination of single-base mutations in double-stranded DNA (100 bases) by optimizing SERS 'hot spots'.

Main Results:

  • Successful quantification of A/G bases in ssDNA.
  • Demonstrated probing of DNA hybridization through characteristic SERS signals.
  • Achieved discrimination of single-base mutations in dsDNA, showcasing the method's sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SERS approach offers a universal platform for label-free DNA analysis.
  • This method overcomes chain length limitations, enabling exploration of intrinsic DNA structural information.
  • The proof-of-concept study paves the way for highly sensitive DNA detection in clinical applications.