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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
Published on: December 18, 2015
Experimental Method of Emission Generation Calibration Based on Reference Liquids Characterization
Sébastien Soulet1,2, Marie Duquesne3, Jean Toutain3
1Laboratoire Français du E-Liquide, 218 avenue du Haut-Levêque, 33600 Pessac, France. sebastien.soulet@lfel.fr.
Abstract:
This work focuses on an experimental study of the influence of e-liquid composition on the mass of vaporized e-liquid after standardized emission generation using a U-SAV (Universal System for Analysis of Vaping) vaping machine. All the experiments were based on the use of a Cubis 1Ω clearomiser and on the standard protocol for electronic cigarettes emission generation. Currently, there is no standardized method available to calibrate the emission generations of electronic cigarettes. Since the e-liquid compositions are not always known, we propose a simple, practical, effective, and fast method of emission generation calibration. Therefore, this paper examines a major issue in this new and constantly evolving field, allowing the validation of the emission generation results. To our knowledge, this method is a novelty in our discipline and could be easily developed in laboratories. Pure propylene-glycol, glycerol, ethanol, and water and their mixtures (20 e-liquids) were tested as reference materials, allowing an e-liquids benchmarking and the characterization of 800 commercial e-liquids (with known and unknown compositions) at a fixed power and for one inhalation profile (3 s puff duration and 55 mL of puff volume). The influence of ethanol and/or water addition in the e-liquid was characterized.
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