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State-space representation is a powerful tool for simulating physical systems on digital computers, necessitating the conversion of the transfer function into state-space form. Consider an nth-order linear differential equation with constant coefficients, like those encountered in an RLC circuit. The state variables are selected as the output and its n−1 derivatives. Differentiating these variables and substituting them back into the original equation produces the state equations.
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Journal impact factor: a bumpy ride in an open space.

Mirit Kaldas1,2, Stephen Michael1,2, Jessica Hanna1,2

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The journal impact factor (IF) is a common metric for scholarly assessment, but its limitations are increasingly apparent. While alternatives exist, the IF remains a widely used, albeit imperfect, tool for evaluating research impact.

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Area of Science:

  • Bibliometrics
  • Scholarly Communication
  • Research Assessment

Background:

  • The journal impact factor (IF) is the primary metric for scholarly assessment.
  • Its calculation involves citations over a two-year period divided by citable publications.
  • Ambiguities exist regarding the citation window and what constitutes a good IF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the continued constructiveness of the journal impact factor (IF) as a scholarly assessment tool.
  • To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the IF in light of new publication models.
  • To review emerging alternatives to the IF and their limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on journal impact factor (IF) and scholarly assessment.
  • Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the IF.
  • Examination of alternative metrics such as SCImago Journal & Country Rank, Source Normalized Impact per Paper, and Eigenfactor Score.

Main Results:

  • The IF's advantages include author promotion and reader visualization of review magnitude.
  • Disadvantages include overemphasis on journal quality versus author work, inability to compare across disciplines, and challenges with open access.
  • Emerging alternatives also have their own limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Despite its drawbacks, the journal impact factor (IF) remains a practical method for assessing scholarly activity.
  • No superior alternative has yet fully replaced the IF.
  • Continued evaluation of IF and its alternatives is necessary.