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Effective lipid lowering diets including lean meat.

G F Watts1, W Ahmed, J Quiney

  • 1Division of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Disorders, United Medical School of Guy's Hospital, London.

British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)
|January 23, 1988
PubMed
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This study shows that modified diets with lean meat can lower harmful cholesterol levels. Incorporating lean meats into a balanced diet may reduce the risk of heart disease.

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Dietary Interventions

Background:

  • Hyperlipidemia poses a significant risk for atherosclerotic heart disease.
  • Dietary fat modification is a key strategy in managing plasma lipid profiles.
  • The role of meat in modified diets for hyperlipidemic individuals requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of two modified, isoenergetic diets containing meat on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in men with hyperlipidemia.
  • To compare the efficacy of a fat-reduced diet (Diet B) and a fat-modified, fiber-supplemented diet (Diet C) against a reference diet (Diet A).

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 15 free-living men with hyperlipidemia.
  • Three isoenergetic diets were consumed: Diet A (reference, 42% fat, P:S ratio 0.2), Diet B (35% fat, P:S ratio 0.5), and Diet C (27% fat, P:S ratio 1.0).

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  • Daily meat intake was standardized (180 g/day), with lean meat used in Diets B and C.

    • Main Results:

    • Diet B consumption led to an 8.6% decrease in plasma cholesterol and an 11% decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.
    • Diet C consumption resulted in a more significant reduction: 18.5% for plasma cholesterol and 23.8% for LDL cholesterol.
    • No significant changes were observed in triglyceride levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, or body weight across the diets.

    Conclusions:

    • Modified diets incorporating lean meat can effectively reduce plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic men.
    • Dietary fat reduction and increased polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio, particularly with fiber supplementation, are beneficial.
    • These findings suggest that a moderate intake of lean meat within a modified dietary pattern is compatible with reduced risk of atherosclerotic heart disease.