Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 22, 2026

06:10
Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
Published on: March 31, 2023
1.4K
Carbon cycle instability and orbital forcing during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum
Martino Giorgioni1,2, Luigi Jovane3, Eric S Rego3,4
1Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-120, Brazil. gmartino@unb.br.
Scientific Reports
|June 29, 2019
Summary
The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) was a global warming event with a unique, variable carbon isotope signature. New stable isotope data suggest MECO triggered significant oceanographic changes, potentially linked to orbital cycles.
Area of Science:
- Paleoclimatology
- Oceanography
- Geochemistry
Background:
- The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) around 40 Ma presents unique characteristics, including a ~500 kyr duration and variable carbon isotope records.
- Previous interpretations of MECO are controversial due to its peculiar features compared to other Paleogene warming events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the causes and impacts of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO).
- To analyze carbon and oxygen stable isotope records from the middle Eocene to understand oceanographic and climatic changes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotopes from three foraminiferal genera.
- Reconstruction of paleoceanographic conditions in the Neo-Tethys region during the middle Eocene.
Main Results:
- The MECO event is associated with substantial oceanographic and climatic shifts in the Neo-Tethys and other ocean basins.
- Highly variable site-to-site δ13C signatures indicate unstable oceanographic and carbon cycle conditions during MECO.
- The MECO's carbon isotope signature may be influenced by the coincidence of 400 kyr and 2.4 Myr orbital eccentricity minima.
Conclusions:
- The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) induced significant global oceanographic and climatic changes.
- Orbital forcing, similar to that proposed for Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events, might explain the observed carbon cycle instability during MECO.
Related Concept Videos
The Carbon Cycle
43.3K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
43.3K
Molecular Orbital Theory II
27.0K
Molecular Orbital Energy Diagrams
27.0K
Atomic Orbitals
43.4K
An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
43.4K
Global Climate Change
28.8K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
28.8K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II
48.3K
sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
48.3K
The Energies of Atomic Orbitals
29.9K
In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
29.9K

