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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

987
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
987
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

934
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
934
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

470
Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
470
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

549
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
549
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

655
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
655
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

543
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Dynamic Adhesion Assay for the Functional Analysis of Anti-adhesion Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Microbial genes and pathways in inflammatory bowel disease.

Melanie Schirmer1, Ashley Garner2, Hera Vlamakis3,4

  • 1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. melanie@broadinstitute.org.

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Changes in the gut microbiome are linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Understanding microbial function, not just composition, is key to IBD pathogenesis and developing targeted therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Intestinal microbiome perturbations are linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • Previous studies identified microbial taxa associated with IBD course and treatment efficacy in treatment-naive patients.
  • A mechanistic understanding requires moving from microbial census to function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on gut microbial factors involved in IBD pathogenesis.
  • To discuss the application of multiomics data in identifying specific microbial strains, transcriptional changes, and metabolic alterations in IBD.
  • To highlight the potential of integrated multiomics and culturomics for understanding the microbiome's role in IBD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on the gut microbiome and IBD.
  • Analysis of multiomics data (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics) from large-scale population studies.
  • Integration of host response measurements and culturomics.

Main Results:

  • Specific bacterial taxa, including adherent invasive Escherichia coli and Ruminococcus gnavus, are linked to IBD and gut inflammation.
  • Microbial products like short-chain fatty acids and sphingolipids influence immune responses.
  • Bacteria adhering to epithelial cells and certain Clostridium species can modulate T helper 17 and regulatory T cell differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated multiomics analysis holds significant potential for elucidating the microbiome's role in IBD.
  • Identifying specific microbial strains, their transcriptional activities, and metabolic functions is crucial for understanding IBD pathogenesis.
  • Further research integrating diverse data types is needed to advance IBD treatment strategies.