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Peripheral Circadian Oscillators.

Alexandra J Brown1, Julie S Pendergast2, Shin Yamazaki1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.

The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
|June 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circadian rhythms involve ~24-hour cycles synchronized to environmental cues. Research now reveals a complex network of pacemakers in the brain and peripheral organs, impacting health when misaligned.

Keywords:
Drosophilacircadian systemmammalsmulti-oscillatoryperipheral clockrhythms

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms are endogenous ~24-hour cycles regulating physiology and behavior, synchronized by environmental cues like the light-dark cycle.
  • Early research favored a single-oscillator model, locating circadian pacemakers within the nervous system and dismissing peripheral oscillators.
  • The discovery of core circadian clock genes revolutionized the field, enabling the identification of functional circadian oscillators in numerous peripheral tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical progression of circadian rhythm research.
  • To elucidate the current understanding of the hierarchical multi-oscillator model of the circadian system.
  • To discuss the functional and pathological implications of circadian rhythm disruption.

Main Methods:

  • Historical literature review of circadian rhythm research.
  • Analysis of studies identifying molecular components of circadian clocks.
  • Examination of research on the hierarchical network of central and peripheral circadian oscillators.
  • Review of studies investigating the physiological consequences of circadian misalignment.

Main Results:

  • Circadian research evolved from a single-oscillator model to a hierarchical multi-oscillator network.
  • Peripheral circadian oscillators exist in nearly all mammalian tissues, interacting with the central brain pacemaker.
  • Disruption of temporal coordination between central and peripheral oscillators, through simulated jet-lag or metabolic challenges, leads to adverse physiological outcomes in rodents.

Conclusions:

  • The mammalian circadian system is a complex, hierarchical network of interacting central and peripheral oscillators.
  • Misalignment within this network can lead to significant physiological dysfunction and pathology.
  • Understanding this system is crucial for addressing health issues related to circadian disruption.