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Progress towards the development of Klebsiella vaccines

Myeongjin Choi1, Sharon M Tennant1, Raphael Simon1

  • 1a Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.

Expert Review of Vaccines
|June 29, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Developing vaccines against Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is crucial due to rising antimicrobial resistance. Research focuses on O polysaccharide (OPS) and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) vaccines, with OPS-based approaches showing promise for combating KP infections.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Vaccinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) causes significant healthcare-associated infections.
  • Increasing antimicrobial resistance limits treatment options for KP infections.
  • Vaccines offer a strategy to reduce infection incidence and antimicrobial reliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging vaccine strategies against Klebsiella pneumoniae.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of different vaccine platforms targeting KP virulence factors.
  • To discuss the potential of vaccines in managing KP infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of whole cell, subunit, capsular polysaccharide (CPS), O polysaccharide (OPS), and conjugate vaccines.
  • Exploration of alternative vaccine platforms for KP.
  • Analysis of preclinical study data on vaccine efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Vaccine-induced antibodies against KP CPS show preclinical protection but face challenges due to numerous serotypes (>77).
  • Four major OPS serotypes cause approximately 80% of invasive KP infections.
  • OPS-based conjugate and multiple antigen presenting system (MAPS) vaccines are under active development, showing preclinical promise.

Conclusions:

  • OPS-based vaccines are a promising strategy due to the limited number of dominant serotypes.
  • Vaccines targeting other KP virulence factors (outer membrane proteins, fimbriae, siderophores) are in early development.
  • Novel clinical trial designs are needed for effective KP vaccine evaluation.
Keywords:
Klebsiella pneumoniaeMAPS vaccineO polysaccharideantimicrobial resistancecapsular polysaccharideconjugate vaccinevaccine

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