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Area of Science:

Nonlinear Optics
Optical Fiber Communications
Quantum Optics

Background:

Modulation instability (MI) is a key phenomenon in nonlinear fiber optics, leading to signal degradation.
Intermodal cross-phase modulation (XPM) in multimode fibers (MMF) introduces complex nonlinear dynamics.
Understanding noise-seeded MI is crucial for managing signal integrity in MMF systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To theoretically investigate the onset condition of noise-seeded modulation instability (MI) in MMF.
To analyze the gain spectrum of intermodal cross-phase modulation (XPM)-induced MI.
To explore the impact of power distribution and mode group velocity mismatch on MI gain.

Main Methods:

Linear stability analysis was employed to theoretically study the MI phenomenon.
The analysis focused on a step-index MMF supporting four modes (LP01, LP11, LP21, LP02) at 1064 nm.
Investigated scenarios with equally and unequally distributed power between modes.

Main Results:

Peak sideband frequency scales with the square root of total power for equal bimodal power distribution.
Peak gain increases linearly with total power under equal power distribution.
An optimal power ratio exists for peak gain with unequal power distribution, largely independent of total power.
Mode group velocity mismatch significantly enhances the range and peak values of gain spectra.

Conclusions:

Noise-seeded modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime of MMF is theoretically characterized.
Power distribution significantly influences MI gain, with optimal ratios identified for unequal distributions.
Mode group velocity mismatch is a critical factor for enhancing MI gain in MMF systems.