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Ultracompact biosensor based on a metalens with a longitudinally structured vector beam.

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    This study introduces an ultracompact biosensor using a metalens for precise refractive index detection. The device modulates light polarization for sensitive optical path difference measurements in biochemical analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Refractive index is crucial for biochemical reactions and biomedical diagnostics.
    • In situ measurement of refractive index is vital for micro total analysis systems.
    • Existing methods may lack the sensitivity or compactness required for certain applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate an ultracompact biosensor for refractive index detection.
    • To utilize a high numerical aperture metalens for generating structured vector beams.
    • To enable sensitive optical path difference measurements for biochemical analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed a two-part metalens using zinc sulfide nanofins and nanopillars.
    • Generated Pancharatnam-Berry phase and propagation phase.
    • Modulated incident light into circularly polarized vortex beams.
    • Created a structured vector beam with varying polarization states.

    Main Results:

    • The metalens successfully generated dual-polarized vortex beams.
    • The superposition of beams created a vector beam with polarization gradients.
    • The polarization state was shown to be sensitive to optical path differences.
    • Demonstrated potential for in situ refractive index detection.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed metalens-based biosensor offers a compact and sensitive platform.
    • The generated structured vector beam enables precise optical path difference measurements.
    • This technology has significant potential for applications in biomedical diagnostics and biochemical analysis.