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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

29.7K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

8.6K
Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Sr3CrN3: A New Electride with a Partially Filled d-Shell Transition Metal.

Padtaraporn Chanhom1,2, Kevin E Fritz1, Lee A Burton3

  • 1Materials Science and Engineering Department , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14850 , United States.

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|June 29, 2019
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Researchers discovered Sr3CrN3 as the first electride with a partially filled d-shell transition metal. This finding expands the search criteria for new electride materials, challenging previous assumptions.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Electrides are ionic crystals where electrons act as anions in interstitial spaces.
  • Finding electrides with partially filled d-shell transition metals is challenging due to electron affinity for unoccupied d-orbitals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally verify the existence of electrides with partially filled d-shell transition metals.
  • To broaden the search criteria for novel electride materials.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput computational screening for predicting electride candidates.
  • X-ray absorption spectroscopy for electronic structure analysis.
  • X-ray and neutron diffraction for structural determination.

Main Results:

  • Sr3CrN3 identified as an electride with a partially filled d-shell transition metal.
  • Experimental results align with theoretical predictions.
  • Demonstrated that partially filled d-shells do not preclude electride formation.

Conclusions:

  • Sr3CrN3 is the first confirmed electride featuring a partially filled d-shell transition metal.
  • This discovery significantly expands the known parameters for electride material design.
  • Opens new avenues for exploring and synthesizing novel electride compounds.