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A histone H2A derived antimicrobial peptide, Fi-Histin from the Indian White shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus:

K S Sruthy1, Aishwarya Nair1, Swapna P Antony1

  • 1Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India.

Fish & Shellfish Immunology
|June 29, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Researchers identified Fi-Histin, a novel histone H2A-derived antimicrobial peptide (AMP) from shrimp. This potent AMP exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anticancer activities, showing promise for aquaculture and medicine.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Marine Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are crucial components of innate immunity.
  • Histone-derived AMPs represent a significant class of peptide antibiotics.
  • The Indian White shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus, is a potential source of novel bioactive peptides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To molecularly and functionally characterize a histone H2A-derived AMP from Fenneropenaeus indicus.
  • To evaluate the antimicrobial and anticancer potential of the identified peptide.
  • To explore its applicability in aquaculture and medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Peptide synthesis and structural analysis (amphipathic alpha-helical structure, net charge).
  • Antimicrobial activity assays against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
  • Scanning electron microscopy to visualize bacterial cell membrane disruption.
  • DNA binding assays, hemolytic activity tests, and anticancer activity assays (IC50 determination).

Main Results:

  • A 27-amino acid peptide, Fi-Histin, was identified with characteristic AMP features.
  • Fi-Histin demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic bacteria, including V. vulnificus and S. aureus.
  • The peptide disrupted bacterial cell membranes and showed anticancer activity against NCI-H460 and HEp-2 cell lines.
  • Fi-His1-21 exhibited DNA binding activity and was non-hemolytic at tested concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Fi-Histin is the first reported histone H2A-derived peptide from Fenneropenaeus indicus with potent antimicrobial and anticancer properties.
  • Its unique characteristics suggest potential as a therapeutic agent in aquaculture and human medicine.
  • Further research is warranted to explore its full therapeutic and commercial potential.
Keywords:
Anticancer activityAntimicrobial peptideFenneropenaeus indicusHistone H2ASynthetic peptide

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