Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality01:27

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

1.5K
The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...
1.5K
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.9K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.9K
The Behavioral Perspective on Personality01:19

The Behavioral Perspective on Personality

804
Behaviorists view personality as primarily shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. According to this perspective, behavior is influenced by external stimuli, and individuals adjust their actions based on rewards and punishments. Over time, learning histories — accumulated patterns of reinforcement — play a significant role in shaping personality. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are reinforced, while those resulting in negative outcomes are diminished.
804
Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective

346
In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
346
Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality01:30

Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality

996
Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
996
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

3.4K
The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
3.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hidden processes of workflow in cognitive developmental psychology.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same author

Reduced brain entropy in migraine with partial restoration during attacks: A resting-state fMRI study.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

High-definition tDCS restores adaptable neural dynamics in migraine.

Brain stimulation·2026
Same author

Missing the Mix: Perceiving Code-Switches as a Mechanism for Bilingual Adaptation.

Child development perspectives·2026
Same author

Functional Connectivity Fingerprints of Emerging Reading Skill in the First Months of Schooling.

Developmental science·2026
Same author

What we owe to ourselves: Investigating people's sense of obligations to the self.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

15.5K

Bilingual effects on lexical selection: A neurodevelopmental perspective.

Maria M Arredondo1, Xiao-Su Hu2, Teresa Satterfield2

  • 1The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T-1Z4, Canada; Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.

Brain and Language
|June 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bilingual children show different brain activity during word processing compared to monolinguals. This suggests bilingualism shapes the developing brain

Keywords:
BilingualismBrainChildrenCompetitionDevelopmentLanguageProcessingfNIRS

More Related Videos

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
08:08

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

9.7K
Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

15.5K
Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
08:08

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

9.7K
Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Word recognition involves activating multiple potential lexical candidates.
  • Bilingualism, involving two lexicons, may increase linguistic competition during word processing.
  • Understanding how bilingualism affects children's language processing is crucial for developmental theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of bilingualism on word processing in children's brains.
  • To examine neural differences in lexical selection between bilingual and monolingual children.
  • To explore the role of cognitive control in bilingual and monolingual language acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging was employed.
  • A lexical selection task with phonological competitors was administered to children.
  • Participants included 52 bilingual and monolingual children aged 7-10 years.

Main Results:

  • Children exhibited reduced accuracy and slower response times with phonological competitors.
  • Top-down fronto-parietal regions associated with cognitive control were activated.
  • Monolingual children displayed greater left frontal activity than bilingual children.

Conclusions:

  • Bilingualism may lead to adaptations in neural networks for lexical selection.
  • Experience with multiple languages influences the developing brain's language processing.
  • Findings offer insights into the neurocognitive effects of bilingualism in childhood.