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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization

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Published on: November 26, 2019

Multifunctional Ground Control Points with a Wireless Network for Communication with a UAV.

Xiongzhe Han¹, John Alex Thomasson², Yang Xiang³

¹Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. hanxiongzhe@tamu.edu.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 30, 2019

Summary

This study introduces a new system of multifunctional ground control points (GCPs) and wireless communication for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This innovation significantly speeds up data collection and improves the accuracy of georeferencing and calibration in remote sensing applications.

Keywords:

ground control points height calibration radiometric calibration unmanned aerial vehicle wireless network

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Area of Science:

Remote Sensing
Geomatics
Agricultural Technology

Background:

Ground control points (GCPs) are essential for accurate georeferencing in remote sensing.
Traditional GCP surveying is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly, especially for repeated measurements.
Existing methods lack real-time data collection capabilities during aerial surveys.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and test a novel system of multifunctional GCPs integrated with a wireless network for UAVs.
To enhance the efficiency of GCP setup and real-time data acquisition during UAV flights.
To evaluate the system's performance for radiometric and height calibration of field objects.

Main Methods:

Development of multifunctional GCPs with wireless communication capabilities.
Integration of a single-board computer on a fixed-wing UAV for real-time GCP data recording.
Testing the system for radiometric calibration using GCPs as references.
Assessing the system's accuracy for estimating field object height compared to ground measurements.

Main Results:

The UAV system successfully recorded position data from all GCPs in real-time.
Radiometric calibration achieved an average reflectance error of 2.0% with a strong correlation (R² = 0.99) between UAV and ground estimates.
UAV-based height estimations showed an average difference of within 10 cm compared to ground measurements.

Conclusions:

The developed multifunctional GCP system significantly improves the speed and efficiency of georeferencing and data collection for UAV-based remote sensing.
The system provides accurate radiometric and height calibration, demonstrating its utility for precision agriculture and environmental monitoring.
This technology offers a cost-effective and rapid solution for applications requiring frequent and precise geospatial data.