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    Highly efficient lithium niobate modulators were developed for high-speed optical communication. These devices achieve a low voltage-length product and low coupling loss, enabling data rates up to 35 Gb/s.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is a key material for electro-optic modulators due to its excellent properties.
    • Developing compact and efficient modulators is crucial for advancing optical communication systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate highly efficient thin-film lithium niobate Michelson interferometer modulators.
    • To integrate amorphous silicon grating couplers for improved waveguide-fiber connectivity.
    • To achieve high modulation data rates in a compact device footprint.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of lithium niobate thin-film devices.
    • Integration of amorphous silicon grating couplers.
    • Characterization of modulator performance, including voltage-length product and coupling loss.
    • High-speed modulation testing.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a half-wave voltage length product of 1.4 V∙cm.
    • Incorporated amorphous silicon grating couplers with a 3.8-dB/port waveguide-fiber coupling loss.
    • Demonstrated devices with a compact footprint of 2.5 mm × 1.7 mm.
    • Reached modulation data rates up to 35 Gb/s.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed lithium niobate modulators offer high efficiency and low loss.
    • The integrated grating couplers facilitate efficient fiber optic connections.
    • These devices represent a significant advancement for high-speed optical communication.