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Related Concept Videos

Pulse amplitude and quality01:17

Pulse amplitude and quality

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Pulse amplitude is a crucial indicator of cardiac health because it provides valuable insights into the strength of left ventricular contractions and the overall uniformity of blood circulation within the vasculature. The strength of the pulse is directly related to the force with which the heart contracts and the volume of blood being pumped.
A weak or absent pulse may indicate reduced cardiac output or poor left ventricular contraction, which can be signs of cardiovascular dysfunction or...
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Electro-mechanical Systems01:19

Electro-mechanical Systems

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Electromechanical systems are intricate configurations that effectively combine electrical and mechanical elements to achieve a desired outcome. Central to many of these systems is the DC motor, a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, enabling various applications ranging from simple fans to complex robotic mechanisms.
A key component of the DC motor is the armature, a rotating circuit positioned within a magnetic field. As an electric current passes through the...
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Pulse01:16

Pulse

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When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
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Pulse01:05

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The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Pulse doublets generated by a frequency-shifting loop containing an electro-optic amplitude modulator.

Hongzhi Yang, Marc Vallet, Haiyang Zhang

    Optics Express
    |June 30, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces an all-fibered frequency-shifting loop using an electro-optic amplitude modulator (EOM) to generate wide optical frequency combs up to 40 GHz. Researchers observed a novel double-pulse regime and various waveforms, explained by a linear interference model.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Laser Physics
    • Nonlinear Optics

    Background:

    • Frequency-shifting feedback lasers commonly use acousto-optic modulators.
    • Electro-optic modulators offer higher modulation frequencies, enabling wider bandwidths.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically and experimentally investigate an all-fibered frequency-shifting loop with an electro-optic amplitude modulator (EOM).
    • To explore the generation of wide optical frequency combs and novel pulse regimes.
    • To model the system and validate experimental observations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing an all-fibered loop incorporating an EOM and an optical amplifier, seeded by a continuous-wave laser.
    • Analyzing the generation of two side-bands per round-trip due to EOM modulation.
    • Developing a linear interference model accounting for amplitude modulation and loop delay.

    Main Results:

    • Generation of a wide optical frequency comb up to 40 GHz.
    • Demonstration of a unique double-pulse regime when loop length is a multiple of the RF modulation wavelength.
    • Experimental observation of saw-tooth and rectangle waveforms by adjusting operating parameters.
    • Model successfully explains pulse doublet formation and reproduces experimental waveforms.
    • Un-seeded loop above threshold generates mode-locked picosecond pulse doublets with adjustable delay.

    Conclusions:

    • The EOM-based frequency-shifting loop is a versatile system for generating wide optical frequency combs and complex pulse dynamics.
    • The linear interference model accurately describes the observed phenomena, including pulse doublets and various waveforms.
    • The system offers tunable control over pulse characteristics, with potential applications in optical communications and signal processing.