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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Inductance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line01:28

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Understanding the inductance of transmission lines is crucial for efficient design and operation in electrical power systems. This discussion delves into the inductance characteristics of single-phase two-wire and three-phase three-wire transmission lines with equal phase spacing.
Single-Phase Two-Wire Line:
A single-phase line consists of two solid cylindrical conductors, denoted as x and y. Each conductor carries phasor currents ix and iy, respectively. Given that the sum of these currents is...
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Capacitance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line01:25

Capacitance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line

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In electrical power systems, understanding the capacitance of transmission lines is fundamental for efficient operation.
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Consider a single-phase, two-wire transmission line with equal phase spacing energized by a voltage source. One conductor carries a uniform positive charge, while the other carries an equal negative charge. The capacitance C of the line can be derived from the voltage V between the conductors. For a one-meter section of the line, the capacitance is given...
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Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

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Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
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Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

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Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
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Related Experiment Video

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Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
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Silicon Photonic MEMS Phase-Shifter.

Hamed Sattari, Teodoro Graziosi, Marcell Kiss

    Optics Express
    |June 30, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a silicon photonic MEMS analog phase shifter. This device uses electrostatic actuation to precisely control waveguide gaps, enabling efficient phase tuning for optical signals with low loss across a broad wavelength range.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
    • Integrated Optics

    Background:

    • Analog phase shifters are crucial components in optical communication systems.
    • Silicon photonics offers a scalable platform for integrated optical devices.
    • MEMS technology provides a viable method for realizing tunable optical components.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and simulate a novel analog phase shifter utilizing Silicon Photonic MEMS technology.
    • To investigate the operational principle based on electrostatic actuation for precise gap tuning.
    • To evaluate the performance metrics including phase shift, actuation voltage, and insertion loss.

    Main Methods:

    • A two-step parallel plate electrostatic actuation mechanism was employed.
    • A vertically movable suspended tapered waveguide was integrated with a fixed bus waveguide.
    • The vertical gap between waveguides was tuned to modulate the phase of the coupled optical mode.

    Main Results:

    • Simulations predicted a π phase shift achievable with 19 V actuation voltage and 19 nm displacement.
    • Low insertion loss below 0.3 dB was maintained across a wide wavelength range (1.5 μm to 1.6 μm).
    • Adiabatic coupler geometry facilitated efficient optical coupling between waveguides.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed Silicon Photonic MEMS design offers an effective solution for analog phase shifting.
    • The device demonstrates potential for low-loss, wide-wavelength operation.
    • This technology advancement contributes to the development of tunable integrated photonic circuits.