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Nanostructuring of LNOI for efficient edge coupling.

Inna Krasnokutska, Jean-Luc J Tambasco, Alberto Peruzzo

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    PubMed
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    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed novel lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) fiber-to-chip inverse tapers for efficient edge coupling. Crystal cut significantly impacts performance, with optimized tapers achieving low butt-coupling loss across C/L-bands.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Materials Science
    • Integrated Optics and Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) is a key platform for integrated photonics due to its excellent electro-optic properties.
    • Efficient fiber-to-chip coupling is crucial for practical photonic integrated circuit (PIC) applications.
    • Existing coupling methods often suffer from high insertion loss and fabrication challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design, fabricate, and characterize LNOI fiber-to-chip inverse tapers for efficient monolithic edge coupling.
    • To investigate the influence of different LNOI crystal cuts on coupling performance.
    • To optimize mode matching tapers for low-loss butt-coupling.

    Main Methods:

    • Design and simulation of inverse tapers for mode field transformation.
    • Fabrication of tapers using advanced nanofabrication techniques, including focused ion beam (FIB) milling and electron beam lithography.
    • Characterization of coupling loss using optical microscopy and insertion loss measurements across the C/L-band.
    • Investigation of etching characteristics for various LNOI crystal orientations (+Z-cut, X-cut).

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated efficient monolithic edge coupling using LNOI inverse tapers.
    • Quantified butt-coupling loss of 2.5±0.5 dB/facet across the C/L-band for +Z-cut LNOI.
    • Achieved a butt-coupling loss of 6 dB/facet at 1550 nm for X-cut MgO:LNOI.
    • Identified crystal cut as a limiting factor for taper performance and mode matching.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal orientation of LNOI significantly influences the performance of fiber-to-chip coupling.
    • Optimized inverse tapers enable efficient butt-coupling in LNOI photonic circuits.
    • These findings provide valuable insights for nanostructuring LNOI and advancing integrated photonic device development.