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Related Concept Videos

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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

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Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

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Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
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Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

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The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Indocyanine Green-Guided Intraoperative Imaging to Facilitate Video-Assisted Retroperitoneal Debridement for Treating Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
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Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy.

Farida Jan1, Sidra K Jafri1, Shahnaz H Ibrahim1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
|June 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) in children often presents with fever, altered consciousness, and seizures. This condition has a devastating outcome, with high rates of mortality and severe neurodevelopmental sequelae.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare but severe neurological disorder affecting children.
  • Understanding the clinical profile, management, and outcomes of ANE is crucial for improving patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients diagnosed with acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE).
  • To analyze the management strategies and patient outcomes in a cohort of children with ANE.

Main Methods:

  • A case series design was employed, involving a retrospective review of medical records.
  • The study included pediatric patients aged 1 month to 16 years diagnosed with ANE based on established criteria.
  • Data collected encompassed clinical presentation, management, and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Seventeen pediatric patients were included, with a mean age of 55.47 months.
  • Common presentations included fever, altered consciousness, and seizures.
  • The study found a high incidence of intensive care unit admission (65%), mechanical ventilation (65%), mortality (17.6%), and severe neurodevelopmental sequelae (58.8%).

Conclusions:

  • The severity of initial presentation correlates with the devastating outcomes observed in ANE.
  • Current management, including symptomatic and supportive care with antibiotics, antivirals, and anticonvulsants, did not significantly alter the disease course.
  • The use of antivirals and immunomodulation showed no impact on disease progression.