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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Heritability01:06

Heritability

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Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Preparing and Injecting Embryos of Culex Mosquitoes to Generate Null Mutations using CRISPR/Cas9
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Generating viable mice with heritable embryonically lethal mutations using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in two-cell

Yi Wu1,2,3, Jing Zhang2, Boya Peng3

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.

Nature Communications
|June 30, 2019
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Researchers developed a novel CRISPR-Cas9 method to create viable mice with lethal gene mutations. This breakthrough enables the study of essential gene functions, including Virma

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Approximately 25% of mouse genes are essential for embryonic development, leading to lethality upon knockout.
  • Existing genetic tools, including CRISPR-Cas9, face challenges in generating viable mice with heritable lethal mutations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish an efficient one-step method for generating viable chimeric founder mice with heritable embryonically lethal mutations.
  • To investigate the in vivo function of genes with lethal phenotypes, such as Virma and Dpm1.

Main Methods:

  • Microinjection of CRISPR reagents into a single blastomere of two-cell mouse embryos.
  • Generation of chimeric founder mice carrying heritable lethal mutations.
  • Phenotypic analysis of founder mice to determine gene function.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated viable chimeric founder mice with heritable lethal mutations for Virma and Dpm1.
  • Identified a specific phenotype for Virma, revealing its role in regulating kidney metabolism in adult mice.
  • Generated knockout mice with heritable postnatally lethal mutations for Slc17a5 and Ctla-4, facilitating in vivo functional studies.

Conclusions:

  • The developed one-step CRISPR microinjection method is a convenient and rapid system for generating knockout mice with lethal phenotypes.
  • This approach significantly simplifies the in vivo study of essential gene functions that were previously inaccessible due to embryonic lethality.