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Phyllotaxis: is the golden angle optimal for light capture?

Sören Strauss1, Janne Lempe1, Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz2

  • 1Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany.

The New Phytologist
|June 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Plant organ arrangement, or phyllotaxis, often follows Fibonacci patterns. This study suggests evolutionary pressure favors the mechanism creating these patterns, not just specific angles, for optimal light capture.

Keywords:
computer simulationheteroblastylight capturephyllotaxisplant fitness

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Phyllotactic patterns, common in nature, involve precise divergence angles between successive organs.
  • The Fibonacci or golden angle is prevalent, leading to hypotheses of evolutionary selection for optimal plant fitness, such as enhanced light capture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary pressures behind specific phyllotactic angles, particularly the golden angle.
  • To determine if specific angles or the underlying developmental mechanisms are favored by natural selection for fitness benefits like light capture.

Main Methods:

  • Computer modeling was used to simulate plant growth and leaf overlap.
  • Idealized and scanned leaf data from Arabidopsis thaliana and Cardamine hirsuta were incorporated.
  • Simulations varied parameters including leaf shape, incident light angles, and other leaf traits.

Main Results:

  • Angles derived from Fibonacci-like series were found to be equally optimal for light capture as the golden angle.
  • The iterative mechanism for organ positioning appears to be a more likely target for evolutionary pressure than a specific angle.
  • The heteroblastic progression of leaf shape in Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated a potential fitness benefit through improved light capture.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary selection may favor the developmental mechanism of phyllotaxis over specific divergence angles.
  • Optimized light capture can be achieved through various Fibonacci-like angles and developmental strategies, such as heteroblasty in leaf shape.