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Related Experiment Video

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A Visual Guide for Studying Behavioral Defenses to Pathogen Attacks in Leaf-Cutting Ants

A Visual Guide for Studying Behavioral Defenses to Pathogen Attacks in Leaf-Cutting Ants

Published on: October 12, 2018

Timing and the transition between modes in the defensive behavior system.

Michael S Fanselow¹, Ann N Hoffman¹, Irina Zhuravka¹

¹Staglin Center for Brain & Behavioral Health, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90405, United States.

Behavioural Processes

|June 30, 2019

Summary

Antipredator defense systems differ from feeding systems. Short stimuli triggered freezing, not activity bursts, contrary to predictions based on feeding behavior research.

Keywords:

CS duration CS-US interval Escape Fear Flight Freezing Panic

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Area of Science:

Behavioral Neuroscience
Ethology
Animal Behavior

Background:

Antipredator defense systems mirror feeding behavior systems, with distinct modes along a predatory imminence continuum.
Behavior systems theory suggests stimulus timing influences transitions between behavioral modes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if short conditioned stimuli (CSs) elicit terminal antipredator responses (Circa-Strike Behavior) and long CSs elicit intermediate responses (post-encounter behavior).
To compare antipredator behavior systems with appetitive behavior systems regarding stimulus timing and response modes.

Main Methods:

Rats were exposed to short (10s) and long (3min) conditioned stimuli (CSs).
Conditional responses (CRs) such as freezing and activity bursts were recorded.
The effect of sudden shock stimulation on behavior was also assessed.

Main Results:

Both short and long CSs elicited freezing, with greater freezing observed with the short CS.
Activity burst conditional responses (CRs) characteristic of terminal modes were not observed.
Sudden shock stimulation induced activity bursts in rats exhibiting freezing behavior.

Conclusions:

Antipredator systems may favor avoidance of terminal modes, unlike appetitive systems, due to differing selection pressures.
Timing of stimuli may be less critical for learning in antipredator defense compared to appetitive systems.
Sudden changes in stimulation can rapidly shift behavior from freezing (post-encounter) to active defense (Circa-Strike).